Quantum Entanglement -- Beyond Cause and Effect -- Towards the Future?

London, UK - 25th September 2012, 16:01 GMT

Dear ATCA Open & Philanthropia Friends

[Please note that the views presented by individual contributors are not necessarily representative of the views of ATCA, which is neutral. ATCA conducts collective Socratic dialogue on global opportunities and threats.]

Faster Than the Speed of Light

Quantum Entanglement is at the heart of understanding how significant events across the universe operate at the macro- and micro- level in split-second synchronised unison despite considerable distance between them. Quantum Entanglement suggests that information is exchanged faster between Quantum Entangled (QE) particles than the speed of light, which was deemed impossible per Einstein's special theory of relativity.

Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Chromodynamics

Beyond Cause and Effect

Quantum Entanglement seems to throw out the whole notion of cause and effect, as we know it! It is possible for a particle to interact with another particle in such a way that the quantum states of the two particles form a single entangled state. The definition of an entangled state is that it is not entirely independent of the other's state. Its state is dependent on another's state in some way. Given this dependency, it is a mistake to consider either state in isolation from the other. Rather we should combine the states and treat the result as a single, entangled state.

The Lord Doesn't Throw Dice!

In the early 1930s, Einstein had problems with the whole of quantum physics, which is ironic given that it was partially based on his Nobel Prize winning paper on the photoelectric effect. What he didn’t like was the way quantum particles don’t have fixed values for their properties until they are observed. Why? Einstein couldn’t relate to a universe where probability ruled! That’s why he famously said that "Der Herrgott würfelt nicht!" or "The Lord doesn’t throw dice!" An even better quote, less well known, was when he said: “I find the idea quite intolerable that an electron exposed to radiation should choose of its own free will, not only its moment to jump off, but also its direction. In that case, I would rather be a cobbler, or even an employee in a gaming house, than a physicist!”

Einstein, Podolosky and Rosen "EPR" Paradox

Einstein believed that underneath these mathematical probabilities were fixed, hidden realities that we just couldn’t see. That was why he, Podolsky and Rosen dreamed up the idea of what we now call "Quantum Entanglement" in 1935. It was to show that either quantum theory was incomplete, because it said there was no hidden information, or it was possible to instantly influence something at a distance. As that seemed incredible, he thought it showed that quantum theory was incorrect the way it had been presented with probabilistic mathematics. Quantum entanglement is at the heart of the EPR Paradox developed in 1935. This interconnection leads to non-classical correlations between observable physical properties of remote systems, often referred to as non-local correlations.

Quantum Entanglement Proof

It did take a long time to prove that Quantum Entanglement (QE) truly existed. It wasn’t until the 1980s that it was clearly demonstrated and now there are all manner of Quantum Technology (QT) opto-electronic devices which can replicate QE relatively swiftly. So it has been shown without doubt that QE exists and can be practically demonstrated. Therefore, it can be shown that Quantum Entanglement is a property of a quantum mechanical state of a system of two or more objects in which the quantum states of the constituent objects are linked together so that one object can no longer be adequately described without full mention of its counterpart — even if the individual objects are spatially separated in a space like manner across relatively large distances.

What Do Space and Time Really Mean?

When pairs of particles are generated by the decay of other particles, naturally or through induced collision such as at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, these pairs may be termed "entangled", in that such pairs often necessarily have linked and opposite qualities, ie of spin or charge. The assumption that measurement in effect "creates" the state of the measured quality goes back to the arguments of, among others: Schrödinger and Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen concerning Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and its relation to observation. Quantum Entanglement does underline the fact that quantum particles really do only have a range of probabilities on the values of their properties rather than fixed values. And while it seems to contradict Einstein’s theory of special relativity, which says nothing can travel faster than light, it’s increasingly likely that entanglement challenges our ideas of what space and time really mean!

The Future

Quantum Entanglement lends itself to brand new scientific applications in the world of Quantum Computing, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Telecommunications, Quantum Energy Devices and Quantum Medical Applications. The new Quantum Technology enabled scientific applications may be orders of magnitude faster and more powerful than existing solutions known to humankind. We are on the cusp of a new age, "The Quantum Age" which lies beyond the traditional paradigm of cause and effect and in the near future realms of Simultaneity. As Einstein also said, "Raffiniert ist der Herrgott, aber boshaft ist Er nicht!" or "The Lord is subtle, but He is not malicious!"

[STOPS]

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[ENDS]

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